Apa itu Deixis?
Fitrah
Ramadhan
Deixis
According
to Wikipedia, In linguistics, deixis (/ˈdaɪksɨs/) refers to words and phrases that
cannot be fully understood without additional contextual information. Words are
deictic if their semantic meaning is fixed but their denotational meaning
varies depending on time and/or place. In other words, deixis is precisely the
words which have actual and certain meaning, but the meaning itself
significantly can be different depending on the person, place, and even time. Therefore,
I can call this case as a relation between a person with place and time. To me,
it is actually difficult and complicated to explain this topic. However, I will
only give many examples through this essay. Hopefully, anyone who read this is
able to get simple understanding about Deixis.
There
are actually many kinds of deixis, but I will briefly provide only three kinds
of deixis as those have been familiar for many people. The first is temporal
deixis, the deixis which refers to the time, in English language known as
adverbial (time). For instance, assuming there is a printed statement “Sekarang
bayar, besok gratis” patched over in the canteen of UIN Malang. Then a student,
suppose his name is Fitrah, comes, thinks and says quietly, “ah kalau sekarang
bayar, besok saja ke warungnya biar gratis”. If Fitrah always think like that,
it will happen daily to him on the following days. This kind of deixis often makes
the listeners confused. As other examples, a friend of my friend told me some
funny cases about this. He wrote in a message “Yesterday you said that tomorrow
you will do it”, then my friend answer it simply, “Yes, just like I said, I
will do it tomorrow”. He will definitely never do it, right? Or there is
someone says “My skin whitening skin program is constant: tomorrow!” surely he
will never get white skin. Someone’s experience occurred in the midnight,
around at 00.30 am, he texted his friend “Besok kamu kuliah gak?” then his
friend replied “Sekarang juga sudah besok.” It is confusing, isn’t it? He said
NOW, but TOMORROW.
The
second deixis is spatial deixis. Simply, spatial deixis can be defined as a
deixis which is closely related to a place or space. I have ever experience
this with my friend, Fatih, at Car Free Day Ijen just like:
Me : Fatih
dimana sih?
Fatih :
Disini, kamu cepat ke sini! Kamu dimana?
Me : Ya aku
disini!
It
makes me funny. Looking at that case, we both used the word “disini” although
we are not in a same place. As I have understood, commonly, spatial deixis is
associated with the adverb there, here, that, this, those, these and the
uses of prepositions in or on (e.g. in the room, on the roof)
The
last kind is Personal deixis. To explain what actually personal deixis is,
check this joke out first.
Teacher: anak-anak, kalian belajar untuk Ibu atau
kamu?
Students: Kita belajar untuk kamu, bu”
“kamu”
which is supposed by the teacher refers to the students, yet when the students said
“kamu” will refer to the teacher. For other example, imagine there is two men
which ask each other politely to take a ticket:
A: Silakan Anda duluan
B: Tentu saja! Anda kan duluan? Silakan
A: Bukan saya, tapi Anda. Silakan!
B: Siapa yang bilang saya? Yang duluan
Anda kok, silakan!
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