JARGON?

10.15 Unknown 0 Comments



Jargon Phenomenon in Indonesian Teenagers
Written By Fitrah Ramadhan
English Language and Letters Department
Faculty of Humanities
Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang
2015
The appearance of many variations of language use, as the result of the speakers’ needs in communication, gives the effects toward linguistics situation which is being more complicated by the time being. As the matter of fact, there will be more complexity linguistics situation if there is more than one language growing up within the society.  The speakers do not only need to determine a language that they should use to communicate each other, but also they need to consider the language variety which is appropriate with the situation in order for the purpose of the communication could be achieved as expected.
Ironically, nowadays, there are a lot of people who believe and assume that language is something which has been owned by any human being. Whereas, if we do further exploration, language is actually acquired and learned in a long time process since we were child. In line with this, Luriawati D.N (n.d) also argued that, we can find a concept that actually language owned by human beings is from learning process. It means that, humans comprehend the language through imitating process, speaking or talking, and an isolated learning.
Language is the main thing which should be owned by everyone regarding its function as a communication tool. Language is also as a common event that occurs in human beings as human’s languages which are identified in a large number and vary (Luriawati: n.d). It is just like a cultural system, language might change by the time being and might adapt to particular needs with the surrounding. In other words, language is like human beings, because it could grow and might die due to certain reasons. In fact, there is no language which does not change. The growth of a language is in line with the growth of social, scientific and technological development. Therefore, a language makes the speaker to be always in contact with their environment to describe and identify cultural and natural things as well as to arrange their activity in daily life. The point is someone will loss his or her ability to live as a socialist if he or she could not master or have a language.
The language variation used in society is usually marked by the speakers themselves. A variety of language in certain group of people is used in different ways, and sometimes secret. It means that there are certain codes which could only be understood by the same group. This kind of group has their own special terms which are used in the same group context. The use of those special terms are basically to avoid the possibility of such understanding from other people beyond their group. In other words, the language code that they create and they deal with is quite vary and only acceptable for themselves. This linguistics situation is happening within Indonesian teenagers. The language code they create is somewhat difficult to be understood by other people beyond their group. This language variation is called as Jargon.
Jargon, as a part of language variety, is one of some sociolinguistics phenomenon which is happening around Indonesian people nowadays, teenagers in particular. The definition of Jargon itself, as according to Wikipedia, is a type of language that is used in a particular context and may not be well understood outside of it. The context is usually a particular occupation (that is, a certain trade, profession, or academic field), but any ungroup can have jargon. Just like what is happening in Indonesia, as a linguistics phenomenon, in a social life, either based on the profession, social status, or age, they has their own tendency to create a new language that will be the Jargon in their own group. Another definition comes from A. Chaer and L. Agustina (through Hidayat: 2013). They stated that Jargon is a social variation which is used limitedly by certain social groups. The expressions or words used often cannot be understood by the society in general or people outside of their group. Yet, the expression is not secretly used. It means that people outside of their groups can also have and use it to communicate in easier way with other people. It is fairly different with another language variation, Argot, which is purposely used to obscure meaning to outsider, or in other words cannot be owned by the outsider.
Language variation occurs is not only because of the speakers which are heterogenic, but also because of the social interaction that they do which is quite vary. Even though language has its own structure or pattern, yet because the language is used by the heterogenic speakers which have different social background, makes the language become vary, either in its phonological, morphological, syntactical or lexicon. Language variation can be seen from 4 sides, they are based on the speakers, based on the users, based on the formality or informality, and based on the tools used. The vocabularies used by the engineers for special action are different with the vocabularies used by the stone masons or the carpenters. The vocabularies or the terms are only understood by the group of people in engineering. For example in Indonesia, the engineers use the vocabularies such as, roda gila, didongkrak, dices, dibalans, and dipoles. Those jargons makes people outside of their group confuse about the meaning of it. However, they use it due to certain reasons, including to make the communication easier as I stated before.
Dell Hymes (through Hidayat: 2013) argued that there are some reasons why people use jargon. They are: to adapt to the social norms, to explain the experience, beauty, kindness, etc., to set out the social contact (For example greeting), to express our feeling (for examples, to scold, to praise, to hail, etc.), to ask something to other people, to arrange languages, etc. Those functions of jargon are normally seen as the needs of people who use jargon itself.
The language variation like jargon is very unique and interesting linguistics phenomenon. Jargon is growing up in teenagers and adolescents, or even children and old people. The growth of Jargon is quite significant together with the growth of the use of technology, especially in Social media, such like Facebook, Twitter, and Blackberry Messenger which are mostly used by the teenagers. They use various kinds of jargon through written language using social media. Through this way, the jargons which are new languages, will spread out very fast and used by many other teenagers in Indonesia. By time going, new lexicons have been appear used by young people due to the needs of the speakers which always make the vocabularies becoming simpler and easier use. The examples of jargon which mostly used by them are: Keles instead of Kali (Bahasa Indonesia), Capcay (Chinese food) instead of feeling tired or exhausting, Bonyok which stands for Bokap dan Nyokap instead of parents, Galau instead of feeling gloomy, unyu-unyu instead of cute, OTW which stands for ‘on the way’, GPL which stands for gak pake lama is used to express that he or she does not want to wait for long time, titi dj instead of be careful or take care on the way, lekong instead of Acdc, kamseupay is to represent bad taste, rempong instead of complicated, capcus instead of ‘let’s go’, sotoy and kepo which means willing to know one’s business, cemungud instead of giving spirit for other people. Those are the new vocabularies created by certain group of people which eventually spread out and then used by teenagers in majority to make the communication easier among themselves based on their needs. Those jargons are used productively by certain group of people.
As its nature, jargon in social class or social status is usually used to conceal the topic discussion. Therefore, jargon which mostly used is by turning over the syllables and giving such a new term or name for something which stands for it or represents it, or even does not represent at all. It is ju  st like creating new words freely based on the willing of themselves. However, it cannot be blamed or interrupted by other people as long as they use their jargon in a proper situations. In short, language is an arbitrary system. However, because of the language is an arbitrary system, it does not mean the creation or the use of language is always arbitrary. The use of jargon itself should be in appropriate situation. As the matter of fact, if the language used in inappropriate ways, it will break the nature of language itself which is used to communicate. Besides, when we communicate, we want to make other people understand about what we are saying and we want other people to understand our words.
In conclusions, jargon is a part of language variations within the society in Indonesia, especially teenagers. Living in social condition, either based on the profession, social status or class, or age, people have a tendency to create a language which then becomes a jargon in certain group of people to make the communication easier based on their needs.

References

Hidayat, R. (2013, Mei 13). Apa Yang diMaksud Dengan Slang, Jargon dan Register? Retrieved from celoteh seorang rahmat APA YANG DIMAKSUD SLANG, JARGON, DAN REGISTER.htm
Luriawati D.N. (2013). Bentuk dan Faktor Penyebab Penggunaan Jargon Masyarakat Nelayan di Rembang.
Vivi Kurnia, Ermanto, Emidar. (n.d.). Penggunaan Jargon Oleh Komunitas Chatting Facebook di Kalangan Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Padang.
Widyantore, A. (2013, June 13). Variasi Bahasa: Bentuk-Bentuk Variasi Keformalan. Retrieved from Kajian Sosiolinguistik: Kajian Teoretis dan Praktis: Fenomena Bahasa _ Kajian Sosiolinguistik Kajian Teoretis dan Praktis.htm
Wikipedia. (2013, June). Jargon. Retrieved from Jargon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.htm

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Contoh Analysis Speech Act

10.12 Unknown 0 Comments



Subject           : Discourse Analysis – Speech Act
            In this conversation, there were two university students, as the interlocutors) who were joining TEFL II class in the morning. The situation was quite silent because a presentation was being conducted by a group of presentation in front of the class. While the presentation was being done, they were chatting. Didin was handling his laptop (while laughing) and showing an email to Wildan which contained a reply message from someone and I was sitting between them. It was a response from someone toward a short story that had ever been sent by Didin to that person before. The psychological setting at that time was quite normal like other people following the class. Here are their words:

Didin       : “Wildan, ini Katanya konfliknya kurang digarap, meluas”
Wildan    : “Nte’ ku kirimin opo’o Diiiiin…”
Didin       : “iyo ntar”

I make an analysis toward this conversation using Barch and Harnish’s speech act Theory. This conversation is a kind of conventional conversation which can be identified through the agreement between the interlocutors. Because as I can see that actually the situation was quite different. Didin directly gave and shown that email to Wildan and not to me who was sitting next to him. It means that actually there has been an agreement between both of them before. The agreement to also send wildan’s short story to Didin’s friend (A person who mailed Didin) to be corrected by that person. It can be identified through the utterance given by Wildan which immediately uttered “Nte’ ku kirimin opo’o Diiiiin…” He did not ask question what did DIdin mean like I did, or he did not ask what is that to Didin. I directly asked to didin what did he mean by that email. Wildan can directly response in that way because he had have an agreement with Didin before. The agreement may be a promise to also send wildan’s short story to the corrector. Wildan wanted his short story to be seen and responded by that corrector also, because wildan might know the capability of the corrector in writing short stories. Didin also did not start that conversation by telling a story which might be this way “Dan, aku kan pernah ngirim cerpen ku ke seseorang, dan ini respon dia”. He did not do that. It might be possible for Didin to do that if that utterance given for me, because I did not know what he is talking about by showing that email. While he was laughing, DIdin intentionally uttered “Wildan, ini Katanya konfliknya kurang digarap, meluas”. It means that actually Didin had assumed that wildan will understand what he was talking about while he is showing the email containing the suggestion for Didin’s short story. That is called as the agreement which has been exist between the interlocutors. Therefore, this conversation is categorized as Conventional.

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Apa Itu Implicature?

10.10 Unknown 0 Comments



Discourse Analysis
IMPLICATURE

Sometimes, when we are talking with other people, the problem happened is easy to express an idea but it is difficult to interpret it because every utterance needs to be interpreted based on its context. It means that what is uttered depends on who, where, when, and in what occasion the utterance appears.

The concept of implicature is a theoretical construct which was first introduced by Grice in the William James Lectures more than thirty years ago. Grice used the concept to deal with examples in communication where what a speaker means goes beyond the meaning literally expressed by a particular utterance. However implicature was defined negatively as what is communicated less ‘what is said’. In other words, implicature was characterized simply as whatever is communicated that is not part of what is said by a speaker. The only positive characterization of implicature by Grice was his indication that it is related to the terms imply, suggest, and mean. 

For example, if I happen to be with a friend who is eating an ice cream and I ask something like. “What flavor is it?” my friend might response by offering me a bite of her ice cream. By offering some of his ice cream to me, my friend has shown that she thinks I was implying that I would like to taste it. I did not actually say I wanted to taste the ice cream, and thus I could deny that I implied this, either directly as in “I didn’t mean I wanted to have a bite”, or more indirectly as in “Oh, I am not hungry”. However, unless I make some kind of denial, then the fact that I wanted to taste my friend’s ice cream has been implied.

            Grice on his article “Logical of Conversation” stated that an utterance can imply presupposition which is not part of that utterance. Presupposition implicated can be called as a conversational implicature. Therefore, we can define that conversational implicature is implicated of an utterance like presupposition which is actually not as the part of that utterance. There is also conventional implicature which happens caused by certain context and situation.

My critical review about implicature comes from the case whether or not implicit meaning or implicature is fairly needed or not. The real example is we often find politicians using implicature. Living in the country in which the society always face to the laws as the consequences, uttering whatever we want to say is quite useful. For example, although a politician A criticize and offend politician B, it will never become a crucial thing because he never explicitly states that. Even If the politician B wants to claim, it might not work to punish politician A. because the politician A was not explicitly stated, although it means so.

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